β–Έ HF GREY-LINE CALCULATOR β—‚

Radio Propagation Reference

GREY-LINE OVERLAP ANALYSIS Β Β·Β  UTC
Developed by John Loftus (VK4CT)  Β·  Technical assistance: OpenAI

What is the Radio Propagation Reference?

The RPR is a free reference tool for amateur radio operators, scientists, and anyone interested in High Frequency (HF) radio propagation. It calculates the grey-line β€” the twilight band that sweeps across the Earth at sunrise and sunset β€” and identifies windows where that band simultaneously crosses two selected cities.

During grey-line passages, the ionospheric D-layer is in rapid transition. This can create brief windows of unusually low absorption and enhanced long-distance HF propagation.

β˜… KEY RULE: The overlap window can only be as long as the shorter of the two grey-line windows.
A city closer to the equator usually has a shorter grey-line window. A high-latitude city in summer can have a much longer window β€” but the usable overlap is still capped by the narrower station.

How to use this tool

Select a Continent and City for Station Alpha (your location) and Station Bravo (the target). Pick a Date and press ⚑ CALCULATE.

Results are shown in two places:

(1) Mercator map
The map shows the short-path and long-path between two selected cities. The map also shows the grey-line for a selected date and time β€” initially for Civil twilight definition (Sun altitude βˆ’6Β°). You can change the twilight definition by pressing any of the three buttons placed below the map:
[ -6Β° Civil ]   [ -12Β° Nautical ]   [ -18Β° Astronomical ]
Pressing any of these buttons will automatically recalculate.

(2) Time line
The time line is placed below the map. Results show dawn, sunrise, sunset and dusk times in UTC for both cities, plus all four possible overlap scenarios (Dawn↔Dawn, Dusk↔Dusk, and the two cross-event combinations). The 24-hour timeline displays grey-line bars for both stations. A glowing green bar marks any overlap.

If you prefer a simpler view, untick Show all overlap rows to hide the Dawn↔Dawn and Dusk↔Dusk tracks, leaving the two cross-over tracks. Remember to recalculate.

Press πŸ” Scan All Cities to rank every city in the database by overlap duration against your Station Alpha β€” useful for finding the best DX targets on a given date.

You can narrow the search by using the MIN OVERLAP lever which sets the minimum duration of overlap. Press the scan button again to close the scan report.

Press πŸ“… Best Dates to see which months of the year offer overlap for the selected city pair β€” helpful for planning ahead. Press it again to close the report.

The WSPR Band Activity Report card checks live recent WSPR spots for the selected city pair. It always uses current UTC from wspr.live, independent of the grey-line planning date, and reports bands with matching activity in the last 30 minutes. WSPR activity is evidence of recent low-power beacon reception near the selected path endpoints, not a guarantee that voice, data, or every station setup will work.

The Daily WSPR Path Matrix is for pattern study. Save favourite paths from the current city pair, choose two saved paths, select a UTC date and endpoint radius, then press BUILD DAILY TABLE. The report queries wspr.live historical spots for that date, groups activity into 30-minute UTC slots, and can be exported as CSV or printed/saved as PDF.

After changing any option that affects the map and timeline bars, remember to press ⚑ CALCULATE.

Developed by John Loftus (VK4CT)
Technical assistance: OpenAI

Copyright Β© CC BY NC SA

⚠ DISCLAIMER β€” This tool is provided for reference purposes only. Solar times are calculated from astronomical algorithms and are approximate. WSPR data is raw third-party spot data and may include duplicates, false spots, missing reports, or reporting delays. Actual HF propagation depends on many additional factors including solar flux, geomagnetic conditions, antenna gain, mode, power, noise, and operating frequency. The RPR does not forecast propagation conditions and makes no guarantee of contact success.
UTC TIME
--:--:--
--
β˜€ NOAA SPACE WEATHER Β β†—
STATION ALPHA
UTC
STATION BRAVO
Tip: Click SCAN or BEST DATES again to close the report.
Dawn window is from DAWN β†’ SUNRISE. Dusk window is from SUNSET β†’ DUSK.
SCAN RESULTS β€” β€”
MIN OVERLAP: 10m
BEST DATES β€” β€” ↔ β€”
GREAT CIRCLE PATH
SHORT PATH
ALPHA β†’ BRAVO
---Β°
β€”
DISTANCE
--- km
--- mi
BRAVO β†’ ALPHA
---Β°
β€”
LONG PATH
ALPHA β†’ BRAVO
---Β°
β€”
DISTANCE
--- km
--- mi
BRAVO β†’ ALPHA
---Β°
β€”
WSPR BAND ACTIVITY REPORT β€” SELECTED PATH
Select two cities and calculate to check live recent WSPR reports.
Waiting for selected path.
Source: wsprnet.org spot reports via wspr.live. The report always uses live current UTC and shows recent WSPR activity near the selected city endpoints in either direction. It is band guidance from observed low-power beacon reports, not a forecast or contact guarantee.
DAILY WSPR PATH MATRIX
Build a 30-minute activity table for two saved paths.
Favourite paths are stored in this browser.
  1. Select Station Alpha/Bravo for the first path.
  2. Press SAVE CURRENT PATH to save the first path.
  3. Select Station Alpha/Bravo for the second path.
  4. Press SAVE CURRENT PATH to save the second path.
  5. Edit the Date UTC window if needed.
  6. Select your preferred endpoint radius.
  7. Press BUILD DAILY TABLE.
  8. Press EXPORT CSV, EXPORT XLSX, or PRINT / PDF.
Save favourite paths, select Path 1 and Path 2, then build the daily table.
The daily matrix queries historical WSPR spots for the selected UTC date and groups them into 30-minute slots. Counts are observed WSPR reports near each path endpoint, not a propagation forecast.
MERCATOR MAP β€” SHORT PATH & LONG PATH
UTC β€”
DATE β€”
Short path
Long path
Grey-line band
Night side
Centre longitude: 0Β°
UTC: --:--
Sun declination: --
Selected city pins use the same latitude / longitude values already shown in the results cards.
TWILIGHT DEFINITIONS
A dynamic sun altitude control is positioned between the map and timeline so the linked visuals stay together.
24-HOUR UTC TIMELINE
DAWN GREY-LINE
DUSK GREY-LINE
DAWN A ↔ DUSK B
DUSK A ↔ DAWN B
Station Alpha
Station Bravo
Overlap Window
All times in UTC