▸ HF GREY-LINE CALCULATOR ◂

Radio Propagation Reference

GREY-LINE OVERLAP ANALYSIS  ·  UTC
Developed by John Loftus (VK4CT)  ·  Technical assistance: OpenAI

What is the Radio Propagation Reference?

The RPR is a free reference tool for amateur radio operators, scientists, and anyone interested in High Frequency (HF) radio propagation. It calculates the grey-line — the twilight band that sweeps across the Earth at sunrise and sunset — and identifies windows where that band simultaneously crosses two selected cities.

During grey-line passages, the ionospheric D-layer is in rapid transition. This can create brief windows of unusually low absorption and enhanced long-distance HF propagation.

★ KEY RULE: The overlap window can only be as long as the shorter of the two grey-line windows.
A city closer to the equator usually has a shorter grey-line window. A high-latitude city in summer can have a much longer window — but the usable overlap is still capped by the narrower station.

How to use this tool

Select a Continent and City for Station Alpha (your location) and Station Bravo (the target). Pick a Date and press ⚡ CALCULATE.

Results are shown in two places:

(1) Mercator map
The map shows the short-path and long-path between two selected cities. The map also shows the grey-line for a selected date and time — initially for Civil twilight definition (Sun altitude −6°). You can change the twilight definition by pressing any of the three buttons placed below the map:
[ -6° Civil ]   [ -12° Nautical ]   [ -18° Astronomical ]
Pressing any of these buttons will automatically recalculate.

(2) Time line
The time line is placed below the map. Results show dawn, sunrise, sunset and dusk times in UTC for both cities, plus all four possible overlap scenarios (Dawn↔Dawn, Dusk↔Dusk, and the two cross-event combinations). The 24-hour timeline displays grey-line bars for both stations. A glowing green bar marks any overlap.

If you prefer a simpler view, untick Show all overlap rows to hide the Dawn↔Dawn and Dusk↔Dusk tracks, leaving the two cross-over tracks. Remember to recalculate.

Press 🔍 Scan All Cities to rank every city in the database by overlap duration against your Station Alpha — useful for finding the best DX targets on a given date.

You can narrow the search by using the MIN OVERLAP lever which sets the minimum duration of overlap. Press the scan button again to close the scan report.

Press 📅 Best Dates to see which months of the year offer overlap for the selected city pair — helpful for planning ahead. Press it again to close the report.

After changing any option that affects the map and timeline bars, remember to press ⚡ CALCULATE.

Developed by John Loftus (VK4CT)
Technical assistance: OpenAI

Copyright © CC BY NC SA

⚠ DISCLAIMER — This tool is provided for reference purposes only. Solar times are calculated from astronomical algorithms and are approximate. Actual HF propagation depends on many additional factors including solar flux, geomagnetic conditions, antenna gain, and operating frequency. The RPR does not forecast propagation conditions and makes no guarantee of contact success.
UTC TIME
--:--:--
--
☀ NOAA SPACE WEATHER  ↗
STATION ALPHA
UTC
STATION BRAVO
Tip: Click SCAN or BEST DATES again to close the report.
Dawn window is from DAWN → SUNRISE. Dusk window is from SUNSET → DUSK.
SCAN RESULTS —
MIN OVERLAP: 10m
BEST DATES —
GREAT CIRCLE PATH
SHORT PATH
ALPHA → BRAVO
---°
DISTANCE
--- km
--- mi
BRAVO → ALPHA
---°
LONG PATH
ALPHA → BRAVO
---°
DISTANCE
--- km
--- mi
BRAVO → ALPHA
---°
MERCATOR MAP — SHORT PATH & LONG PATH
UTC —
DATE —
Short path
Long path
Grey-line band
Night side
Centre longitude: 0°
UTC: --:--
Sun declination: --
Selected city pins use the same latitude / longitude values already shown in the results cards.
TWILIGHT DEFINITIONS
A dynamic sun altitude control is positioned between the map and timeline so the linked visuals stay together.
24-HOUR UTC TIMELINE
DAWN GREY-LINE
DUSK GREY-LINE
DAWN A ↔ DUSK B
DUSK A ↔ DAWN B
Station Alpha
Station Bravo
Overlap Window
All times in UTC